Erythema infectiousum is a viral infection resulting in a rash. It is diagnosed clinically and treated supportively.
Pathophysiology
- Human parvovirus B19 infection
- Single-stranded DNA virus
- Spread via respiratory droplets and blood
- Can also be transmitted transplacentally if mother is infected
Contextual Factors
- Spring season
- Age 5-7
- Localised outbreak
Clinical Manifestation
- Flu-like symptoms: low-grade fever, malaise
- 5-10 days of rash
- Indurated, confluent/maculopapular erythema over the cheeks
- Symmetric rash over arms, legs, trunks sparing the palms and soles
- Papular-purpuric gloves-and-socks syndrome (PPGSS)
Complications
Diagnosis
- Clinical finding of rash
- Children with risk factors: Viral testing and CBC
- Pregnant women: Antibody test and ultrasound
Antibody Test Results
| Present Immunoglobulin | Indication | Impression |
|---|---|---|
| IgG | Prior infection | Reassuring |
| IgM | Current/ recent infection | Risk of fetal comorbidity |
Treatment
- Supportive care
- IVIG in immunocompromised patients