Cryptorchidism is when a testis fails to descend into the scrotum. It is diagnosed clinically and corrected with surgery between the ages of 6 and 12 months.

Pathophysiology

• Testis remains in the inguinal canal
• Idiopathic

Contextual Factors

• Premature birth

Clinical Manifestation

• Empty scrotum on the affected side at birth
• Inguinal fullness/ mass

Complications

• Inguinal hernia
• Testicular torsion
• Infertility
• Testicular cancer (particularly germ cell)

Diagnosis

• Clinical

Treatment

• Orchiopexy between 6 and 12 months of age